@comment{This file has been generated by Pybliographer} @String{ momuc = {Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications}} @InCollection{Kim:traffic:01, Author = {Kim, J. and Jamalipour, A.}, Title = {Traffic management and {Q}o{S} provisioning in future wireless {IP} networks}, crossref = {ieepc:8:5:01}, } @InCollection{Priscoli:resource:02, Author = {{Francesco Delli Priscoli} and {Antonio Pietrabissa}}, Title = {{Resource Management for ATM-based Geostationary Satellite Networks with On-board Processing}}, crossref = {comnet:39:1:02}, abstract = {This paper deals with medium access control (MAC) and congestion control protocols for ATM-based geostationary satellite networks, where some demand assignment multiple access (DAMA) functionalities are performed on-board. The proposed resource management has been designed for the lower priority ATM traffic categories, which have to adapt themselves to the traffic conditions. The novelties proposed in this paper consist of a resource management strategy based on two levels of aggregations of the virtual channel connections and of a DAMA algorithm for generating the terminal bandwidth requests exploiting control theory concepts. These two innovative features are combined with an existing congestion control algorithm and an existing DAMA algorithm for assigning the capacity based on terminal requests. The resulting resource management achieves the goals of avoiding on-board congestion situations, guaranteeing an efficient use of the satellite resources and limiting the on-board processing complexity. Software simulations have been performed with the OPNET tool, in order to test the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.}, status = ok2, } @InCollection{Chan:performance:02, Author = {{P. M. L. Chan} and {R. A. Wyatt-Millington} and {A. Svigelj} and {R. E. Sheriff} and {Y. F. Hu} and {P. Conforto} and {C. Tocci}}, Title = {{Performance Analysis of Mobility Procedures in a Hybrid Space Terrestrial IP Environment}}, Pages = {21--41}, crossref = {comnet:39:1:02}, abstract = {The emphasis of this paper is on investigating the performance of signalling protocols designed for a mobility management scheme, which uses Mobile IP for inter-segment mobility in a hybrid space and terrestrial environment. Initially, the system architecture, which consists of three wireless access networks attached to an IP backbone, is presented. This is followed by a description of the proposed mobility procedures employed in the system, which aim at minimising modifications to existing satellite and terrestrial network protocols. The mobility procedures are simulated in order to evaluate their performance and determine their effectiveness in an operational environment. Results verify the efficiency of the protocols and show that the additional signalling time introduced by the procedures is minimal.}, status = {?}, } @Article{kim:interoperability:03, Author = {Kim, Soojin and Cho, HyungJoon and Hahm, HeeHyuck and Lee, SangYun and Lee, Myung Sung}, Title = {Interoperability between {UMTS} and cdma2000 {N}etworks}, Journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications}, Volume = {10}, Number = {1}, Pages = {22--28}, month = feb, abstract = {[Pend: Basically about seamless mobility, nothing cross layer; but dual stack HLR, etc.] In overlaying an existing cdma2000 network with a UMTS network, service transparency and number portability are important requirements for end users and hence the network operator. To support both requirements, one could introduce a protocol conversion node between the two networks; however, such a solution does not fully meet the requirements due to inherent technical constraints imposed by the differing standards. This article describes a network architecture based on the dual stack concept that satisfies the service transparency and number portability requirements across UMTS and cdma2000 networks, and also defines the functionality of the network nodes and the call processing procedures.}, download = {19-nov-2003}, year = 2003, } @Article{Druschel:lazy:96, Author = {{Peter Druschel} and {Gaurav Banga}}, Title = {Lazy Receiver Processing (LRP): A Network Subsystem Architecture for Server Systems}, Journal = sigops, Volume = {30}, Number = {SI}, Pages = {261--275}, year = 1996, issn = {0163-5980}, abstract = {Most work on operating system support for high-speed networks to date has focused on improving message latency and on delivering the network's full bandwidth to application programs [1, 5, 7, 21]. More recently, researchers have started to look at resource management issues in network servers such as LAN servers, firewall gateways, and WWW servers [16, 17]. This paper proposes a new network subsystem architecture based on lazy receiver processing (LRP), which provides stable overload behavior, fair resource allocation, and increased throughput under heavy load from the network. ---- We propose a network subsystem architecture that integrates network processing into the system's global resource management. Under this system, resources spent in processing network traffic are associated with and charged to the application process that causes the traffic. Incoming network traffic is scheduled at the priority of the process that receives the traffic, and excess traffic is discarded early. This allows the system to maintain fair allocation of resources while handling high volumes of network traffic, and achieves system stability under overload.}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/248155.238786}, publisher = {ACM Press}, status = ok1, } @Article{banerjee:mobility:03, Author = {Banerjee, N. and {Wei Wu} and Das, S.K.}, Title = {Mobility support in wireless {I}nternet}, Journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications}, Volume = {10}, Number = {5}, Pages = {54--61}, month = oct, abstract = {[Pend: Comparision of the seamless mobility solutions at various layers] The tremendous advancement and popularity of wireless access technologies necessitates the convergence of multimedia (audio, video, and text) services on a unified global (seamless) network infrastructure. Circuit-switched proprietary telecommunication networks are evolving toward more cost-effective and uniform packet-switched networks such as those based on IP. However, one of the key challenges for the deployment of such wireless Internet infrastructure is to efficiently manage user mobility. To provide seamless services to mobile users, several protocols have been proposed over the years targeting different layers in the network protocol stack. In this article we present a cross-layer perspective on the mobility protocols by identifying the key features of their design principles and performance issues. An analysis of the signaling overhead and handoff delay for some representative protocols in each layer is also presented. Our conclusion is that although the application layer protocol is worse than the protocols operating in the lower layers, in terms of handoff delay and signaling overhead, it is better suited as a potential mobility solution for the next-generation heterogeneous networks, if we consider such factors as protocol stack modification, infrastructure change, and inherent operational complexity.}, download = {19-nov-2003}, year = 2003, } @Article{Lakshman:performance:97, Author = {T. V. Lakshman and Upamanyu Madhow}, Title = {The performance of TCP/IP for networks with high bandwidth-delay products and random loss}, Journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)}, Volume = {5}, Number = {3}, Pages = {336--350}, issn = {1063-6692}, status = ok3, year = 1997, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/261600.261603}, publisher = {ACM Press}, } @Article{Sanmateu:seamless:02, Author = {Sanmateu, A. and Paint, F. and Morand, L. and Tessier, S. and Fouquart, P. and Sollund, A. and Bustos, E.}, Title = {Seamless {M}obility across {IP} {N}etworks using {M}obile {IP}}, Journal = {Computer Networks}, Volume = {40}, Number = {1}, Pages = {181-190}, month = sep, abstract = {The landscape of today s telecommunications portrays an amazing patchwork of heterogeneous networks, with very few and complex bridges between them. In this context, IP technology has emerged as a natural means of initiating network convergence and the All-IP paradigm has become the implicit assumption for most studies on the next generation architecture design. However, the real added value of such networks from the user s point of view will lie in offering seamless and transparent services through any kind of network. This can only be achieved with a global solution for mobility management and some believe it to be Mobile IP. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the EURESCOM project P1013FIT-MIP has evaluated the use of Mobile IP acting as a mobility management protocol federating various access network technologies such as PSTN, Wireless LAN or General Packet Radio System. The use of Mobile IP as the enabler for inter-access technology handoffs will be the first step towards providing always-on access to IP applications (e.g., VoIP, VPN, mobile Internet).}, download = {1-oct-2002}, year = 2002, status = ok3, } @TechReport{Herrin:linuxip:00, Author = {{Glenn Herrin}}, Title = {Linux {IP} {N}etworking: {A} {G}uide to the {I}mplementation and {M}odification of the {L}inux {P}rotocol {S}tack}, Institution = {Department of Computer Science University of New Hampshire}, Number = {TR 00-04}, abstract = {This document is a guide to understanding how the Linux kernel (version 2.2.14 specifically) implements networking protocols, focused primarily on the Internet Protocol (IP). It is intended as a complete reference for experimenters with overviews, walk-throughs, source code explanations, and examples. The first part contains an in-depth examination of the code, data structures, and functionality involved with networking. There are chapters on initialization, connections and sockets, and receiving, transmitting, and forwarding packets. The second part contains detailed instructions for modifiying the kernel source code and installing new modules. There are chapters on kernel installation, modules, the proc file system, and a complete example.}, download = {"21-aug-2002"}, year = 2000, } @Article{Arpaci-Dusseau:information:01, Author = {{Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau} and {Remzi H Arpaci-Dusseau}}, Title = {Information and Control in Gray-Box Systems}, Journal = opsr, Volume = {35}, Number = {5}, Pages = {43--56}, month = dec, abstract = {In modern systems, developers are often unable to modify the underlying operating system. To build services in such an environment, we advocate the use of gray-box techniques. When treating the operating system as a gray-box, one recognizes that not changing the OS restricts, but does not completely obviate, both the information one can acquire about the internal state of the OS and the control one can impose on the OS. In this paper, we develop and investigate three gray-box Information and Control Layers (ICLs) for determining the contents of the file-cache, controlling the layout of files across local disk, and limiting process execution based on available memory. A gray-box ICL sits between a client and the OS and uses a combination of algorithmic knowledge, observations, and inferences to garner information about or control the behavior of a gray-box system. We summarize a set of techniques that are helpful in building gray-box ICLs and have begun to organize a "gray toolbox" to ease the construction of ICLs. Through our case studies, we demonstrate the utility of gray-box techniques, by implementing three useful "OS-like" services without the modification of a single line of OS source code.}, download = {20-jun-2002}, year = 2001, status = {ok1}, } @Article{Maltz:lessons:01, Author = {Maltz, David A. and Broch, Josh and Johnson, David B.}, Title = {Lessons from a {F}ull-{S}cale {M}ultihop {W}ireless {A}d {H}oc {N}etwork {T}estbed}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {8}, Pages = {8--15}, month = feb, year = 2001, } @Misc{Allman:increasing:98, Author = {{Mark Allman} and {Sally Floyd}}, Title = {Increasing {TCP}'s {I}nitial {W}indow}, HowPublished = {\url{http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2414.txt}}, download = {4-jul-2002}, abstract = {This document specifies an increase in the permitted initial window for TCP from one segment to roughly 4K bytes. This document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of such a change, outlining experimental results that indicate the costs and benefits of such a change to TCP.}, year = 1998, status = ok2, } @Misc{Bha04, Author = {Bhargava, Nikhil}, Title = {Protocol {S}tack {I}mplementation using {IPC} as shared memory}, HowPublished = {http://www.linuxgazette.com/node/view/8890}, year = 2004, month = may, } @InProceedings{Carey:context:02, Author = {{Carey Williamson} and {Qian Wu}}, Title = {Context {A}ware {TCP}/{IP}}, BookTitle = {A{CM} {SIGMETRIC}}, Address = {ACM}, month = jun, abstract = {This paper discusses the design and evaluation of CATNIP, a Context-Aware Transport/Network Internet Protocol for the Web.This integrated protocol uses application-layer knowledge (i.e.,Web document size)to provide explicit con- text information to the TCP and IP protocols.While this approach violates the traditional layered Internet protocol architecture,it enables informed decision-making,both at network endpoints and at network routers,regarding ow control,congestion control,and packet discard decisions. The ns-2 network simulator is used to evaluate the perfor- mance of the context-aware TCP/IP approach,using a sim- ple network topology and a synthetic Web workload.Sim- ulation results indicate a 10-20\%reduction in TCP packet loss using simple endpoint control mechanisms.More impor- tantly,using CATNIP context information at IP routers can produce 20-80\%reductions in the mean Web page retrieval times,and 60-90\%reductions in the standard deviation of retrieval times.}, download = {http://parapet.ee.princeton.edu/~sigm2002/program.html}, year = 2002, status = ok1, } @InProceedings{hsieh:receiver:03, Author = {Hung-Yun Hsieh and Kyu-Han Kim and Yujie Zhu and Raghupathy Sivakumar}, Title = {A {R}eceiver-{C}entric {T}ransport {P}rotocol for {M}obile {H}osts with {H}eterogeneous {W}ireless {I}nterfaces}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 9th {A}nnual {I}nternational {C}onference on {M}obile {C}omputing and {N}etworking ({M}obi{C}om)}, Pages = {1--15}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = {[See multiple interfaces part] Numerous transport protocols have been proposed in related work for use by mobile hosts over wireless environments. A common theme among the design of such protocols is that they specifically address the distinct characteristics of the last-hop wireless link, such as random wireless errors, round-trip time variations, blackouts, handoffs, etc. In this paper, we argue that due to the defining role played by the wireless link on a connection s performance, locating the intelligence of a transport protocol at the mobile host that is adjacent to the wireless link can result in distinct performance advantages. To this end, we present a receiver-centric transport protocol called RCP (Reception Control Protocol) that is a TCP clone in its general behavior, but allows for better congestion control, loss recovery, and power management mechanisms compared to sender-centric approaches. More importantly, in the context of recent trends where mobile hosts are increasingly being equipped with multiple interfaces providing access to heterogeneous wireless networks, we show that a receiver-centric protocol such as RCP can enable a powerful and comprehensive transport layer solution for such multi-homed hosts. Specifically, we describe how RCP can be used to provide: (i) a scalable solution to support interface specific congestion control for a single active connection; (ii) seamless server migration capability during handoffs; and (iii) effective bandwidth aggregation when receiving data through multiple interfaces, either from one server, or from multiple replicated servers. We use both packet level simulations, and real Internet experiments to evaluate the proposed protocol.}, isbn = {1-58113-753-2}, download = {19-nov-2003}, year = 2003, location = {San Diego, CA, USA}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/938985.938987}, } @InProceedings{Balakrishnan:improving:95, Author = {Hari Balakrishnan and Srinivasan Seshan and Elan Amir and Randy H. Katz}, Title = {Improving {TCP}/{IP} {P}erformance over {W}ireless {N}etworks}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the {F}irst {A}nnual {I}nternational {C}onference on {M}obile {C}omputing and {N}etworking}, Pages = {2--11}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 1995, location = {Berkeley, California, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/215530.215544}, isbn = {0-89791-814-2}, } @Article{Liu:adaptive:98, Author = {Hang Liu and Magda El Zarki}, Title = {Adaptive {S}ource {R}ate {C}ontrol for {R}eal-time {W}ireless {V}ideo {T}ransmission}, Journal = {Mobile Networks and Applications}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {49--60}, issn = {1383-469X}, publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 1998, } @Article{Zorzi:perspectives:99, Author = {Zorzi, M. and Rao, R.R.}, Title = {Perspectives on the {I}mpact of {E}rror {S}tatistics on {P}rotocols for {W}ireless {N}etworks}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {6}, Number = {5}, Pages = {32--40}, month = oct, year = 1999, } @Misc{rusling:linux:98, Author = {{David A. Rusling}}, Title = {The {L}inux {K}ernel}, HowPublished = {\url{http://www.tldp.org/guides.html}}, download = {"20-aug-2002"}, abstract = {Good introduction to Linux and OS concepts}, } @Article{Brown:mtcp:97, Author = {Kevin Brown and Suresh Singh}, Title = {M-{TCP}: {TCP} for {M}obile {C}ellular {N}etworks}, Journal = {ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review}, Volume = {27}, Number = {5}, Pages = {19--43}, issn = {0146-4833}, publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 1997, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/269790.269794}, } @Misc{802.11k:feb03, Author = {Paine, Richard H.}, Title = {Radio {R}esource {M}easurement {V}ision and {A}rchitecture}, HowPublished = {http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Documents/DocumentHolder/11-03-135r3-K-RRM\_Vision\_and\_Architecture.doc}, Note = {IEEE 802.11k draft}, month = feb, year = 2003, } @Article{Woesner:power:98, Author = {Woesner, Hagen and Ebert, Jean-Pierre and Schl\"ager, Morten and Wolisz, Adam}, Title = {Power-{S}aving {M}echanisms in {E}merging {S}tandards for {W}ireless {LAN}s: {T}he {MAC} {L}evel {P}erspective}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {5}, Number = {3}, Pages = {40 -- 48}, month = jun, abstract = {This article provides an overview of mechanisms used for power saving in the upcoming standards for wireless LANs: IEEE 802.11 and ETSI RES 10 HIPERLAN. Power saving on the MAC level is addressed by these standards in a quite different way. We outline the main features of the mechanisms in both standards in terms of power saving. In addition we present simulation studies of the power-saving mechanism in ad hoc configurations of IEEE 802.11 networks, which demonstrate the optimization potential and some performance trade-offs quantitatively.}, year = 1998, } @Article{Balakrishnan:improving:97, Author = {Balakrishnan, H. and Padmanabhan, V.N. and Seshan, S. and Katz, R. H.}, Title = {A {C}omparison of {M}echanisms for {I}mproving {TCP}/{IP} {P}erformance over {W}ireless {N}etworks}, Journal = {{IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking}}, year = 1997, } @Misc{Allman:99, Author = {{M. Allman} and {V. Paxson} and {W. Stevens}}, Title = {T{CP} {C}ongestion {C}ontrol}, HowPublished = {http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2581.txt}, month = apr, download = {Text}, abstract = {This document defines TCP's four intertwined congestion control algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery. In addition, the document specifies how TCP should begin transmission after a relatively long idle period, as well as discussing various acknowledgment generation methods.}, year = 1999, status = {ok3}, } @InProceedings{mehra:receiver:03, Author = {Mehra, P. and Zakhor, A. and Vleeschouwer, C.}, Title = {Receiver-{D}riven {B}andwidth {S}haring for {TCP}}, BookTitle = {{IEEE} I{NFOCOM}}, abstract = {Applications using TCP, such as web-browsers, ftp, and various P2P programs, dominate most of the Internet traffic today. In many cases the last-hop access links are bottlenecks due to their limited bandwidth capability with users running many simultaneous network applications. Standard TCP shares bottleneck link capacity according to connection round-trip time (RTT), and may result in a bandwidth partition which does not necessarily coincide with the user s desires.We present a receiverbased control system for allocating bandwidth among TCP flows according to user preferences. Our system does not require any changes to network infrastructure, and works with standard TCP senders. NS-2 simulations, as well as actual Internet experiments, show that our system achieves desired bandwidth allocation in a wide variety of scenarios including interfering cross-traffic. We also demonstrate the viability of our system in multimedia streaming applications over TCP.}, download = {www.ieee-infocom.org/2003/papers/28\_03.PDF}, address = {SF, USA}, month = apr, year = 2003, status = {}, } @TechReport{sachs:integrated:03, Author = {Sachs, Daniel Grobe and Yuan, Wanghong and Adve, Sarita V and Jones, Douglas L and Nahrstedt, Klara}, Title = {Integrated {G}lobal and {L}ocal {C}ross-{L}ayer {A}daptation for {M}obile {M}ultimedia {S}ystems}, Institution = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Computer Science Department}, Number = {UIUCDCS-R-2003-2357}, year = 2003, month = jun, } @Article{kawadia:cautionary:03, Author = {Kawadia, V. and Kumar, P. R.}, Title = {A {C}autionary {P}erspective on {C}ross {L}ayer {D}esign}, Journal = {{IEEE Wireless Communications}}, volume = 12, number = 1, pages = {3--11}, month = feb, year = 2005, abstract = {Recently, in an effort to improve the performance of wireless networks, there has been increased interest in protocols which rely on interactions between different layers. However such cross layer design can run at cross purposes with sound and longer term architectural principles, and can lead to various negative consequences. This motivates us to step back and re-examine holistically the issue of cross layer design and its architectural ramifications. We contend that a good architectural design leads to proliferation and longevity, and illustrate it by some historical examples. Even though the wireless medium is fundamentally different from the wired one, and can offer undreamt of modalities of cooperation, we show that the conventional layered architecture is a reasonable way to operate wireless networks, and is in fact optimal up to an order. However the temptation and perhaps even the need to optimize by incorporating cross layer adaptation cannot be ignored, and so we examine the issues involved. We show that unintended cross layer interactions can have undesirable consequences on overall system performance. We illustrate them by certain cross layer schemes loosely based on recent proposals. We attempt to distill a few general principles for cross layer design. Moreover, unbridled cross layer design can lead to spaghetti design, which can stifle further innovation and be difficult to upkeep. At a critical time when wireless networks may be on the cusp of massive proliferation, the architectural considerations may be paramount. We argue that it behooves us to exercise caution while engaging in cross layer design.}, } @Article{entry-0, Title = {U{DP} lite (from {ICEBERG})}, } @Article{Akyildiz:adaptive:01, Author = {Akyildiz, Ian F. and Joe, Inwhee and Driver, Henry and Ho, Yung-Lung}, Title = {An {A}daptive {FEC} {S}cheme for {D}ata {T}raffic in {W}ireless {ATM} {N}etworks}, Journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking}, Volume = {9}, Number = {4}, Pages = {419--426}, month = aug, year = 2001, } @Article{Jones:energy_survey:01, Author = {Christine E. Jones and Krishna M. Sivalingam and Prathima Agrawal and Jyh Cheng Chen}, Title = {A {S}urvey of {E}nergy {E}fficient {N}etwork {P}rotocols for {W}ireless {N}etworks}, Journal = {Wireless Networks}, Volume = {7}, Number = {4}, Pages = {343--358}, issn = {1022-0038}, abstract = {Wireless networking has witnessed an explosion of interest from consumers in recent years for its applications in mobile and personal communications. As wireless networks become an integral component of the modern communication infrastructure, energy efficiency will be an important design consideration due to the limited battery life of mobile terminals. Power conservation techniques are commonly used in the hardware design of such systems. Since the network interface is a significant consumer of power, considerable research has been devoted to low-power design of the entire network protocol stack of wireless networks in an effort to enhance energy efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of recent work addressing energy efficient and low-power design within all layers of the wireless network protocol stack.}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, year = 2001, } @InProceedings{Phatak:novel:02, Author = {Phatak, Dhananjay S. and Goff, Tom}, Title = {A {N}ovel {M}echanism for {D}ata {S}treaming {A}cross {M}ultiple {IP} {L}inks for {I}mproving {T}hroughput and {R}eliability in {M}obile {E}nvironments}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {INFOCOM}}, Volume = {21}, Number = {1}, Pages = {773--781}, month = jun, year = 2002, } @InProceedings{Raisinghani:icpwc:02, Author = {Raisinghani, V. T. and Singh, A. K. and Iyer, S.}, Title = {{I}mproving {TCP} {P}erformance over {M}obile {W}ireless {E}nvironments using {C}ross {L}ayer {F}eedback}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {ICPWC}}, Address = {New Delhi, India}, year = 2002, month = dec, } @InProceedings{Raisinghani:wwc:04, author = {Raisinghani, V. T. and Iyer, S.}, title = {{ECLAIR}: {A}n {E}fficient {C}ross {L}ayer {A}rchitecture for {W}ireless {P}rotocol {S}tacks}, booktitle = {{W}orld {W}ireless {C}ongress}, OPTcrossref = {}, OPTkey = {}, OPTpages = {}, year = {2004}, OPTeditor = {}, OPTvolume = {}, OPTnumber = {}, OPTseries = {}, address = {SF, USA}, month = may, OPTorganization = {}, OPTpublisher = {}, OPTnote = {}, OPTannote = {} } @InProceedings{Raisinghani:rwc_fair:05, author = {Raisinghani, V. T. and Iyer, S.}, title = {{A}nalysis of {R}eceiver {W}indow {C}ontrol in {P}resence of a {F}air {R}outer}, booktitle = {{IEEE ICPWC}}, OPTcrossref = {}, OPTkey = {}, OPTpages = {}, year = {2005}, OPTeditor = {}, OPTvolume = {}, OPTnumber = {}, OPTseries = {}, address = {New Delhi, India}, month = jan, OPTorganization = {}, OPTpublisher = {}, OPTnote = {}, OPTannote = {} } @Article{Bria:4G:01, Author = {Bria, A. and Gessler, F. and Queseth, O. and Stridh, R. and Unbehaun, M. and {Jiang Wu;} and Zander, J. and Flament, M.}, Title = {4th-generation wireless infrastructures: scenarios and research challenges}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {8}, Number = {6}, Pages = {25--31}, month = dec, year = 2001, } @Article{zhang:efficient:03, Author = {Zhang, Qian and Guo, Chuanxiong and Guo, Zihua and Zhu, Wenwu}, Title = {Efficient {M}obility {M}anagement for {V}ertical {H}andoff between {WWAN} and {WLAN}}, Journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine}, Volume = {41}, Number = {11}, Pages = {102--108}, month = nov, abstract = {As we move toward next-generation all-IP wireless networks, we are facing the integration of heterogeneous networks, such as WWAN and WLAN, where vertical handoff is required. In vertical handoff between WWAN and WLAN, mobile hosts should be able to move freely across different networks while satisfying QoS requirements for a variety of applications. In order to achieve seamless handoff and maintain continuity of connection, we propose a novel mobility. management system that integrates a connection manager to detect network condition changes in a timely and accurate manner, and a virtual connectivity manager that uses an end-to-end principle to maintain a connection without additional network infrastructure support. A prototype system was built to test the effectiveness of the proposed system. Experiments show that seamless roaming between WLAN and WWAN can be achieved, and much better performance can be obtained than with the traditional scheme.}, download = {5-jan-2004}, year = 2003, } @Book{Stevens:tcp:94, Author = {Stevens, W. Richard}, Title = {T{CP}/{IP} {I}llustrated, {V}olume {I}, {T}he {P}rotocols}, Publisher = {AWL}, year = 1994, } @MastersThesis{Upadrasta:seamless:04, Author = {{Rajasekhar Upadrasta}}, Title = {A {M}echanism for providing seamless mobility in heterogeneous networks}, School = {Arizona State University}, year = 2004, month = may, } @InProceedings{Shih:physical:01, Author = {Eugene Shih and Seong-Hwan Cho and Nathan Ickes and Rex Min and Amit Sinha and Alice Wang and Anantha Chandrakasan}, Title = {Physical Layer Driven Protocol and Algorithm Design for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks}, BookTitle = mobicom, Pages = {272--287}, Address = {Rome, Italy}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, isbn = {1-58113-422-3}, download = {17-jun-2002}, year = 2001, abstract = {The potential for collaborative, robust networks of microsensors has attracted a great deal of research attention. For the most part, this is due to the compelling applications that will be enabled once wireless microsensor networks are in place; location-sensing, en-vironmental sensing, medical monitoring and similar applications are all gaining interest. However, wireless microsensor networks pose numerous design challenges. For applications requiring long-term, robust sensing, such as military reconnaissance, one impor-tant challenge is to design sensor networks that have long system lifetimes. This challenge is especially difficult due to the energy-constrained nature of the devices. In order to design networks that have extremely long lifetimes, we propose a physical layer driven approach to designing protocols and algorithms. We first present a hardware model for our wireless sensor node and then introduce the design of physical layer aware protocols, algorithms, and appli-cations that minimize energy consumption of the system. Our ap-proach prescribes methods that can be used at all levels of the hier-archy to take advantage of the underlying hardware. We also show how to reduce energy consumption of non-ideal hardware through physical layer aware algorithms and protocols.}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/381677.381703}, status = ok1, } @InProceedings{chen:enhancing:icc:04, Author = {Chen, Ling-Jyh and Kapoor, R. and Sanadidi, M. Y. and Gerla, M.}, Title = {Enhancing {B}luetooth {TCP} {T}hroughput via {L}ink {L}ayer {P}acket {A}daptation}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {I}nternational {C}onference on {C}ommunications}, Volume = {7}, Pages = {4012-4016}, abstract = {TCP throughput limitations over wireless links have received considerable attention in the last few years. One of the problems is that TCP congestion control interprets packet losses as an indication of congestion, whereas in wireless links, losses could be due to transient link quality degradations. In this paper, we propose and study a link layer solution and evaluate its effects on TCP in the context of Bluetooth. We enhance the Bluetooth link layer to make use of channel state information and accordingly adapt the Bluetooth packet type to enhance TCP throughput. We propose a simple analytical method to determine the optimal packet type for a given channel state by adding FEC support or changing packet size. Since wireless interfaces, such as 802.11 or Bluetooth, can provide information regarding the channel state using relevant APIs, this simple enhancement can easily be added to the link layer. We implemented this functionality in the Bluetooth link layer. Our simulation experiments show that the proposed adaptive packet type solution significantly improves TCP throughput. The throughput enhancement increases with the error rate. For high error rates close to 0.1\%, the link layer enhanced with the adaptive scheme is able to maintain good TCP throughput, whereas throughput is almost zero when the adaptive scheme is not used.}, year = 2004, } @InProceedings{Polyzos:enhancing:98, Author = {Polyzos, George C. and Xylomenos, George}, Title = {Enhancing {W}ireless {I}nternet {L}inks for {M}ultimedia {S}ervices}, BookTitle = momuc, Pages = {379--384}, Address = {Berlin}, month = oct, abstract = {We describe a novel link layer protocol architecture that aims to enhance the performance of Internet protocols over wireless links, in particular in order to effectively support interactive multimedia applications with varying Quality-of-Service requirements. The degraded performance of these links on the Internet and the inadequacy of existing approaches in overcoming these problems in a protocol independent manner motivate our solution. Our design provides multiple services and performance feedback to higher layers, thus supporting adaptive protocols and applications. In addition, it serves as the basis for Internet evolution towards Quality-of-Service provision, since it can be used to support relevant mechanisms at higher layers, regardless of the underlying hardware.}, download = {3-jul-2002}, url = {http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/groups/csl/pubs/author.html}, year = 1998, status = ok3, } @Book{ieeepc:8:5:01, Editor = {Jamalipour, A. and Tekinay, S.}, Title = {{Fourth Generation Wireless Networks and Interconnecting Standards}}, Volume = {8}, Number = {5}, Series = {IEEE Personal Communications}, month = oct, year = 2001, } @Article{Barakat:bandwidth:02, Author = {{Chadi Barakat} and {Eitan Altman}}, Title = {{Bandwidth tradeoff between TCP and link-level FEC}}, Journal = cn, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {133--150}, month = jun, abstract = {Forward error correction (FEC) is widely used for the improvement of the quality of noisy transmission media as wireless links. This improvement is of importance for a transport protocol as TCP which uses the loss of packets as an indication of network congestion. FEC shields TCP from losses not caused by congestion and helps it to improve its throughput but on the other hand it consumes a part of the available bandwidth that could be used by TCP. In this paper we study in detail this bandwidth tradeoff between TCP and FEC. By analysis and simulations we show how TCP performance varies as a function of the amount of FEC.}, download = {7-jun-2002}, year = 2002, status = {?}, } @Article{Methfessel:vertical:02, Author = {Methfessel, Michael and Dombrowski, Kai F. and Langend\"orfer, Peter and Frankenfeldt, Horst and Babanskaja, Irina and Matthaei, Irina and Kraemer, Rolf}, Title = {Vertical {O}ptimization of {D}ata {T}ransmission for {M}obile {W}ireless {T}erminals}, Journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications}, Volume = {9}, Number = {6}, Pages = {36--43}, year = 2002, file = {/home/rvijay//magazines/ieeepc/2002/methfessel\_vertical\_02.pdf}, } @InProceedings{Mukhtar:analysis:01, Author = {{Rami G. Mukhtar} and {Stephen V. Hanly} and {Milosh Ivanovich} and {Paul Fitzpatrick} and {Hai L. Vu}}, Title = {{A}nalysis of {TCP} {P}erformance over {H}ybrid "{F}ast {F}ixed - to - {S}low {W}ireless" {B}uffered {L}inks}, BookTitle = {Globecom}, Address = {San Antonio}, abstract = {We investigate performance improvements through TCP window size optimisation achievable when TCP Reno is used over a highly heterogeneous network, such as an 802.11b Wireless LAN or a GPRS-based internet connection. Initially, our modelling focuses on a constant rate, buffered access link, based on a loss-less wireless channel and with a bandwidth at least one order of magnitude less than its fixed-network continuation into the core. We implement the model guidelines on Wireless LAN and GPRS access links, confirming that TCP throughput can be increased by optimising the TCP receiver window size to the link characteristics, and more significantly, that there exists a broad range of near-optimal awnd values.}, download = {http://www.ee.mu.oz.au/pgrad/rgmukht/html/research.html}, year = 2001, status = ok3, } @InProceedings{Balakrishnan:integrated:99, Author = {{Hari Balakrishnan} and {Hariharan S Rahul} and {Srinivasan Seshan}}, Title = {An Integrated Congestion Management Architecture for Internet Hosts}, BookTitle = sigcomm, Pages = {175--187}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, isbn = {1-58113-135-6}, download = {17-jun-2002}, year = 1999, location = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel framework for managing net- work congestion from an end-toend perspective. Our work is motivated by trends in traffic patterns that threaten the long-term stability of the Internet. These trends include the use of multiple independent concurrent flows by Web ap- plications and the increasing use of transport protocols and applications that do not adapt to congestion. We present an end-system architecture centered around a Congestion Man- ager (CM) that ensures proper congestion behavior and al- lows applications to easily adapt to network congestion. Our framework integrates congestion management across all ap plications and transport protocols. The CM maintains con- gestion parameters and exposes an API to enable applica- tions to learn about network characteristics, pass informs tion to the CM, and schedule data transmissions. Internally, it uses a window-based control algorithm, a scheduler to regulate transmissions, and a lightweight protocol to elicit feedback from receivers. We describe how TCP and an adaptive real-time stream- ing audio application can be implemented using the CM. Our simulation results show that illz ensemble of concur- rent TCP connections can effectively share bandwidth and obtain consistent performance, without adversely affecting other network flows. Our results also show that the CM en- ables audio applications to adapt to congestion conditions without having to perform congestion control or bandwidth probing on their own. We conclude that the CM provides a useful and pragmatic framework for building adaptive In- ternet applications.}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/316188.316220}, status = ok3, } @Misc{RFC1122:commlayers, Author = {{R. Braden}}, Title = {{RFC1122: Requirements for Internet Hosts - Communication Layers}}, year = 1989, month = oct, } @InProceedings{liu:tcp:icc:04, Author = {Liu, Qingwen and Zhou, Shengli and Giannakis, G.B.}, Title = {T{CP} performance in wireless access with adaptive modulation and coding}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {I}nternational {C}onference on {C}ommunications}, Volume = {7}, Pages = {3989 - 3993}, abstract = {We study a wireless access system with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer, finite-length queuing at the data link layer and a TCP protocol at the transport layer. We analyze the end-to-end TCP performance via a fixedpoint procedure, that effectively couples TCP with the AMCbased wireless link. Guided by the performance analysis, we present a simple cross-layer design, which optimizes the target packet error rate in AMC at the physical layer, so that the TCP throughput at the transport layer is maximized.}, year = 2004, month = jun, } @Article{Badrinath:conceptual:00, Author = {Badrinath, B. and Fox, A. and Kleinrock, L. and Popek, G. and Reiher, P. and Satyanarayanan, M.}, Title = {A {C}onceptual {F}ramework for {N}etwork and {C}lient {A}daptation}, Journal = {Mobile Networks and Applications}, Volume = {5}, Number = {4}, Pages = {221--231}, issn = {1383-469X}, publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 2000, } @InProceedings{Kim:mobile:01, Author = {{Minkyong Kim} and {Brian Noble}}, Title = {Mobile network estimation}, BookTitle = mobicom, Pages = {298--309}, Address = {Rome, Italy}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, isbn = {1-58113-422-3}, download = {18-jun-2002}, year = 2001, abstract = {Mobile systems must adapt their behavior to c hanging net- w ork conditions. T o do this, they must accurately estimate available netw ork capacity. Producing quality estimates is challenging because netw ork observations are noisy, partic- ularly in mobile, ad hoc netw orks. Current systems depend on simple, exponentially-weigh ted moving a verage (EWMA) filters. These filters are either able to detect true changes quic kly or to mask observed noise and transients, but cannot do both. In this paper,w e presen t four filters designed to react quic kly to persistent changes while tolerating transient noise. Such filters are agile when possible, but stable when necessary , adapting their behavior to prevailing conditions. These filters are evaluated in a variety ofnetw orking situa- tions, including persistent and transient change, congestion, and topology changes. We find that one filter, based on tech- niques from statistical process contr ol, pro vides performance superior to the other three. Compared to tw o EWMA filters, one agile and the other stable, it is able to or the agility of the former in four of five scenarios and the stability of the latter in three of four scenarios.}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/381677.381705}, status = ok1, } @InProceedings{Kung:credit:95, Author = {{H.T. Kung} and {Kolin Chang}}, Title = {Receiver-{O}riented {A}daptive {B}uffer {A}llocation in {C}redit-{B}ased {F}low {C}ontrol for {ATM} {N}etworks}, BookTitle = {I{NFOCOM}}, abstract = {In credit-based flow control for ATM networks, a buffer is first allocated to each VC (virtual circuit) and then credit control is applied to the VC for avoiding possible buffer overflow. Receiver-oriented, adaptive buffer allocation allows a receiver to allocate its buffer dynamically, to VCs from multiple upstream nodes based on their bandwidth usage. The paper describes, in detail, such an adaptive algorithm capable of supporting a wide range of link speeds and propagation delays, and also packing multiple allocation and credit records in a single message. Analysis and simulation results show that even under highly bursty traffic, the adaptive scheme guarantees no cell loss due to congestion, and achieves excellent performance in utilization, fairness, ramp-up and packing, while requiring only relatively small node memory and bandwidth overhead. The required memory need only be 4*RTT+2*N, where RTT is the link round-trip time in cell cycles and N is the number of VCs.}, download = {4-sep-2002}, year = 1995, status = {ok3 - rcvwin}, } @Misc{Welch:tcp:96, Author = {{Von Welch}}, Title = {A {U}ser's {G}uide to {TCP} {W}indows}, HowPublished = {\url{http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/vwelch/net\_perf/tcp\_windows.html}}, year = 1996, status = {ok3 - rcvwin}, } @Article{Xylomenos:quality:01, Author = {Xylomenos, George and Polyzos, George C.}, Title = {Quality of {S}ervice {S}upport over {M}ulti-{S}ervice {W}ireless {I}nternet {L}inks}, Journal = {Computer Networks}, Volume = {37}, Number = {5}, Pages = {601--615}, abstract = {Internet application performance over wireless links is disappointing, since wireless impairments adversely affect higher protocol layers. In order to address these problems without global protocol modifications, we examine link layer enhancement schemes. Simulations show that different schemes work best for different applications. We have thus developed a multi-service link layer architecture that simultaneously enhances the performance of diverse applications by supporting multiple link mechanisms concurrently. Simulations show that our approach dramatically improves performance. We present various ways of embedding this architecture into the Internet, thus allowing applications to select themselves the appropriate trade-off between throughput, loss and delay.}, download = {4-jul-2002}, year = 2001, status = {ok Highly relevant}, } @Article{Kwok:optimal:02, Author = {{Yu-Kwong Kwok} and {Vincent K. N. Lau}}, Title = {Optimal Admission Control Algorithms for Scheduling Burst Data in CDMA Multimedia Systems}, Journal = cn, Volume = {38}, Number = {6}, Pages = {765--777}, month = apr, abstract = {The third generation mobile communication systems are widely envisioned to be based on wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) technologies to support high data rate (HDR) packet data services. To effectively harness the precious bandwidth while satisfying the HDR requests from users, it is crucial to use a judicious burst admission control algorithm. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the performance of a novel jointly adaptive burst admission algorithm, called the synergistic burst admission control algorithm to allocate valuable resources (i.e., channels) in wideband CDMA systems to burst HDR requests. We consider the spatial dimension only, and by that we mean the algorithm performs scheduling and admission control, for the current frame only, based solely on the selection diversity in the geographical and mobility aspects. The scheduler does not exploit the temporal dimension in that it does not make allocation decisions about future frames (i.e., requests that do not get allocation are simply ignored and such requests will be treated as new request in future frames). In the physical layer, we use a variable rate channel-adaptive modulation and coding system which offers variable throughput depending on the instantaneous channel condition. In the MAC layer, we use the proposed optimal multiple-burst admission algorithm, induced by our novel integer programming formulation of the admission control and scheduling problem. We demonstrate that synergy could be attained by interactions between the adaptive physical layer and the burst admission layer. Both the forward link and the reverse link burst requests are considered and the system is evaluated by dynamic simulations which takes into account of the user mobility, power control and soft handoff. We found that significant performance improvement, in terms of average packet delay, data user capacity and coverage, could be achieved by our scheme compared to the existing burst assignment algorithms.}, download = {11-jun-2002}, year = 2002, status = {?}, } @Article{Williams:technology:01, Author = {Williams, Larry J.}, Title = {Technology {A}dvances from {S}mall {U}nit {O}perations {S}ituation {A}wareness {S}ystem {D}evelopment}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {8}, Pages = {30-33}, month = feb, year = 2001, } @Misc{Poduri:simulation:98, Author = {{K. Poduri} and {K. Nichols}}, Title = {Simulation {S}tudies of {I}ncreased {I}nitial {TCP} {W}indow {S}ize}, HowPublished = {\url{http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2415.txt}}, download = {5-jul-2002}, abstract = {An increase in the permissible initial window size of a TCP connection, from one segment to three or four segments, has been under discussion in the tcp-impl working group. This document covers some simulation studies of the effects of increasing the initial window size of TCP. Both long-lived TCP connections (file transfers) and short-lived web-browsing style connections were modeled. The simulations were performed using the publicly available ns-2 simulator and our custom models and files are also available.}, year = 1998, status = ok2, } @Article{Bhagwat:channel:97, Author = {Bhagwat, Pravin and Bhattacharya, Partha and Krishna, Arvind and Tripathi, Satish K.}, Title = {{Using Channel State Dependent Packet Scheduling to Improve {TCP} Throughput over Wireless {LAN}s}}, Journal = {Wireless Networks}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {91-102}, abstract = {In recent years, a variety of mobile computers equipped with wireless communication devices have become popular. These computersuse applications and protocols, originally developed for wired desktop hosts, to communicate over wireless channels. Unlike wirednetworks, packets transmitted on wireless channels are often subject to burst errors which cause back to back packet losses. In this paperwe study the effect of burst packet errors and error recovery mechanisms employed in wireless MAC protocols on the performance oftransport protocols such as TCP. Most wireless LAN link layer protocols recover from packet losses by retransmitting lost segments.When the wireless channel is in a burst error state, most retransmission attempts fail, thereby causing poor utilization of the wirelesschannel. Furthermore, in the event of multiple sessions sharing a wireless link, FIFO packet scheduling can cause the HOL blockingeffect, resulting in unfair sharing of the bandwidth. This observation leads to a new class of packet dispatching methods which explicitlytake wireless channel characteristics into consideration in making packet dispatching decisions. We compare a variety of channel statedependent packet (CSDP) scheduling methods with a view towards enhancing the performance of transport layer sessions. Our resultsindicate that by employing a CSDP scheduler at the wireless LAN device driver level, significant improvement in channel utilizationcan be achieved in typical wireless LAN configurations.}, download = {10-feb-2003}, year = 1997, } @InProceedings{Inoyue:system:97, Author = {Inouye, J. and Cen, S. and Pu, C. and Walpole, J.}, Title = {System support for mobile multimedia applications}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} 7th {I}nternational {W}orkshop {N}etwork and {O}perating {S}ystem {S}upport for {D}igital {A}udio and {V}ideo}, Pages = {135-146}, abstract = {The emergence of free streaming media players, coupled with the availability of powerful inexpensive laptop computers has created a domain for mobile multimedia applications. Mobile multimedia applications must deal with the inherent variability generated when migrating from office to conference room, den to patio, or classroom to dorm room. This paper presents a multi-layered multimedia architecture utilizing adaptive layers and cross-layer notifications. An implementation of that architecture is demonstrated using a streaming media player that communicates with a video server while switching from wired LAN to POTS to wireless LAN, transparently adapting to new network addresses and bandwidth fluctuations. Mobility is supported by using device indications to force the adaptive feedback system into an ?exploratory? mode and signal the application to re-establish the control and data channels}, download = {7-feb-2003}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/4971/13667/00629374.pdf?isNumber=13667?=CNF&arnumber=629374&arNumber=629374&arSt=135&ared=146&arAuthor=Inouye%2C+J.%3B+Cen%2C+S.%3B+Pu%2C+C.%3B+Walpole%2C+J.}, year = 1997, month = may, } @InProceedings{Spring:receiver:00, Author = {N.T. Spring and M. Chesire and M. Berryman and V.Sahasranaman and T. Anderson and B. Bershad}, Title = {Receiver {B}ased {M}anagement of {L}ow {B}andwidth {A}ccess {L}inks}, BookTitle = {I{NFOCOM}}, abstract = {In this paper, we describe a receiver based congestion control policy that leverages TCP flow control mechanisms to prioritize mixed traffic loads across access links. We manage queuing at the access link to: (1) improve the response time of interactive network applications; (2) reduce congestion-related packet losses; while (3) maintaining high throughput for bulk-transfer applications. Our policy controls queue length by manipulating receive socket buffer sizes. We have implemented this solution in a dynamically loadable Linux kernel module, and tested it over low bandwidth links. Our approach yields a 7-fold improvement in packet latency over an unmodified system while maintaining link utilization at 94\%. In the common case, congestionrelated packet losses at the access link can be eliminated. Finally, by prioritizing short flows, we show that our system reduces the time to download a complex web page during a large background transfer by a factor of two.}, download = {http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/nspring/papers/rcvrcc-infocom2000.pdf}, year = 2000, status = ok3, } @Article{Ebert:combined:01, Author = {Jean-Pierre Ebert and Adam Wolisz}, Title = {Combined {T}uning of {RF} power and {M}edium {A}ccess {C}ontrol for {WLAN}s}, Journal = {Mobile Networks and Applications}, Volume = {6}, Number = {5}, Pages = {417--426}, Note = {Special issue on Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMuC '99)}, issn = {1383-469X}, year = 2001, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011422431937}, publisher = {ACM Press}, } @InProceedings{abdelmoumen:analysis:icc:04, Author = {Abdelmoumen, R. and Malli, M. and Barakat, C.}, Title = {Analysis of {TCP} latency over wireless links supporting {FEC}/{ARQ}-{SR} for error recovery}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {I}nternational {C}onference on {C}ommunications}, Volume = {7}, Pages = {3994 - 3998}, abstract = {We study in this paper the performance of TCP over a wireless link implementing hybrid FEC/ARQ-SR at the link layer. The study is done by simulating a large number of TCP transfers over a wireless link showing Bernoulli errors. We are motivated by how to tune link-level error recovery, e.g. amount of FEC, persistency of ARQ, so as to minimize the latency of TCP. We provide results for different physical characteristics of the wireless link (delay, error rate), different traffic loads and different file sizes. Our main finding is that the latency of TCP always improves with the persistency of ARQ, except for some extreme cases where the delay is large, files are small, and the loss rate is low. When adding FEC, the latency of TCP improves then deteriorates, and the deterioration is more pronounced in the case of large files, high loss rate and small delay. Another finding of our study is that with the hybrid mechanism, the wireless link is able to carry more traffic than when FEC and ARQ-SR are separately used.}, year = 2004, month = jun, } @InProceedings{funato:tcp-r:97, Author = {Funato, D. and Yasuda, K. and Tokuda, H.}, Title = {T{CP}-{R}: {TCP} {M}obility {S}upport for {C}ontinuous {O}peration}, BookTitle = {International {C}onference on {N}etwork {P}rotocols}, year = 1997, abstract = {The TCP-R (TCP Redirection) is an extension of TCP, which maintains active TCP connections when the disconnection occurs due to the change of the IP address or the change of the network device. In mobile computing environments, the IP address may be changed frequently as the host moves across subnets or changes a network device. However, it is difficult for most network applications to work continuously in such a situation. There is much research to support such dynamics in the network layer, but these attempts in the IP layer tend to incur some complexity. This paper is intended as an investigation of the end-to-end mobility support in transport layer. We developed the simple and secure redirection mechanism in TCP, which enables us to keep our working activities without any intermediate agents. We also show that TCP-R can serve as a solution to the retransmission timeout problem which frequently occurs in mobile environments. We implemented and evaluated a prototype of TCP-R by modifying FreeBSD. The measured performance indicates that TCP-R can maintain operation continuously with minimal overhead and complexity}, download = {2-sep-2004}, } @Article{Stemm:measuring:97, Author = "M. Stemm and R. H. Katz", Title = "{{Measuring and Reducing Energy Consumption of Network Interfaces in Hand-held Devices}}", Journal = {IEICE Transactions on Communications}, Volume = "E80-B", Number = "8", Pages = "1125--31", year = 1997, } @InProceedings{Chiasserini:improving:01, Author = {Carla-Fabiana Chiasserini and Michela Meo}, Title = {Improving {TCP} over {W}ireless through {A}daptive {L}ink {L}ayer {S}etting}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {GLOBECOM}, {S}ymposium on {I}nternet {P}erformance ({IPS} 2001)}, Address = {San Antonio, TX, 22}, month = nov, abstract = {Text}, download = {Text}, file = {/home/rvijay/mobilecomp/conferences/globecom/2001/chiasserini\_improving\_01.pdf}, year = 2001, status = {Text}, } @InProceedings{Semke:automatic:98, Author = {{Jeffrey Semke} and {Jamshid Mahdavi} and {Mathew Mathis}}, Title = {Automatic {TCP} {B}uffer {T}uning}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGCOMM} '98 conference on {A}pplications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication}, Address = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, month = oct, status = ok3, abstract = { With the growth of high performance networking, a single host may have simultaneous connections that vary in bandwidth by as many as six orders of magnitude. We identify requirements for an automatically-tuning TCP to achieve maximum throughput across all connections simultaneously within the resource limits of the sender. Our auto-tuning TCP implementation makes use of several existing technologies and adds dynamically adjusting socket buffers to achieve maximum transfer rates on each connection without manual configuration.Our implementation involved slight modifications to a BSD-based socket interface and TCP stack. With these modifications, we achieved drastic improvements in performance over large bandwidth delay paths compared to the default system configuration, and significant reductions in memory usage compared to hand-tuned connections, allowing servers to support at least twice as many simultaneous connections.}, download = {26-jun-2002}, year = 1998, } @InProceedings{Lettieri:low:97, Author = {Lettieri, P. and Fragouli, C. and Srivastava, M. B.}, Title = {Low {P}ower {E}rror {C}ontrol for {W}ireless {L}inks}, BookTitle = {Mobi{C}om}, Pages = {139--150}, Address = {Budapest, Hungary}, Note = {Also in WINET 5 (1999)}, month = sep, abstract = {Abstract - Energy efficiency, which directly affects battery life and portability, is perhaps the single most important design metric in hand-held computing devices capable of mobile networking over wireless radio links. By virtue of their being relatively thin clients, a high fraction of the power consumption in portable wireless computing devices is accounted for by the transport of packet data over the wireless link [Stemm96]. In particular, the error control strategy (e.g. convolutional and block channel coding for forward error correction (FEC), ARQ protocols, hybrids) used for wireless link data transport has a direct impact on battery power consumption. Error control has traditionally been studied by channel coding researchers from the perspective of selecting an error control scheme to achieve a desired level of radio channel performance. We instead study the problem of error control from a perspective more relevant to battery operated devices: the amount of battery energy consumed to transmit bits across a wireless link. This includes both the physical transmission of useful and redundancy data, as well as the computation of the error control redundancy. We first describe a novel error control where the most battery energy efficient hybrid combination of an appropriate FEC code and ARQ protocol is chosen, and adapted over time, for each stream (ATM virtual circuit or IP/RSVP flow). Next, we present analysis and simulation results to guide the selection and adaptation of the most energy efficient error control scheme as a function of quality of service, packet size, and channel state.}, download = {27-feb-2003}, year = 1997, } @Misc{Song:wlan:2002, Author = {{Jiaqing Song}}, Title = {Performance evaluation and enhancement of {WLAN} (see references in end of this document)}, HowPublished = {www.ensc.sfu.ca/~ljilja/ENSC835/ Spring02/Projects/song/wlan.pdf}, year = 2002, } @Misc{ns, Title = {{The network simulator ns-2}}, HowPublished = {\url{http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/}, }, key = {ns}, } @Article{Chan:efficient:02, Author = {{Chia-Tai Chan} and {Pi-Chung Wang} and {Yaw-Chung Chen}}, Title = {An efficient traffic control scheme for TCP over ATM GFR services}, Journal = cn, Volume = {39}, Number = {5}, Pages = {645--662}, month = apr, abstract = {In ATM networks, the guaranteed frame rate (GFR) service category has been defined to support user applications which are neither able to specify the range of traffic parameter values, nor able to comply with the behavior rules. It provides a packet-level rate guarantee with a given maximum packet size. The service specifies that the excessive traffic from a user should share the available resource fairly. In this paper, we investigate TCP/IP packet transmission over ATM by using a selective packet-discard strategy with tracking of the available buffer space and a packet push-out buffering scheme to accommodate the GFR service. The simulation results show that our proposed method fulfills the requirements of GFR service as well as improves the TCP throughput under the common FIFO scheduling. A feasible implementation approach is also addressed.}, download = {11-jun-2002}, year = 2002, status = ok2, } @Article{qiao:goodput:02, Author = {Qiao, Daji and Choi, Sunghyun and Shin, K.G.}, Title = {Goodput {A}nalysis and {L}ink {A}daptation for {IEEE} 802.11a {W}ireless {LAN}s}, Journal = {IEEE Transactions Mobile Computing}, Volume = {1}, Number = {4}, Pages = {278--292}, year = 2002, } @MastersThesis{Singh:atcpthesis:02, Author = {{Ajay Kr. Singh}}, Title = {A{TCP}: {A}dapted {TCP} for {M}obile {W}ireless {E}nvironments}, School = {Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay}, year = 2002, month = jan, } @InProceedings{Polyzos:enhancing_ict:98, Author = {Polyzos, George C. and Xylomenos, George}, Title = {Enhancing {W}ireless {I}nternet {L}inks}, BookTitle = ict, Pages = {394--398}, abstract = {We describe a novel link layer architecture to enhance the performance of Internet protocols over wireless links. The degraded performance of these links on the Internet and the inadequacy of existing approaches of overcoming these problems in a protocol independent manner, motivate our solution. Our link layer provides multiple services and performance feedback to higher layers, thus supporting adaptive protocols and applications. In addition, our approach can serve as the basis for future Internet evolution towards Quality of Service provision. We also describe our ongoing research and implementation directions.}, download = {3-jul-2002}, year = 1998, } @InProceedings{hari:end-to-end:00, Author = {Alex C. Snoeren and Hari Balakrishnan}, Title = {An {E}nd-to-{E}nd {A}pproach to {H}ost {M}obility}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 6th {A}nnual {I}nternational {C}onference on {M}obile {C}omputing and {N}etworking}, Pages = {155--166}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = {We present the design and implementation of an end-to-end architecture for Internet host mobility using dynamic updates to the Domain Name System (DNS) to track host location. Existing TCP connections are retained using secure and efficient connection migration, enabling established connections to seamlessly negotiate a change in endpoint IP addresses without the need for a third party. Our architecture is secure?name updates are effected via the secure DNS update protocol, while TCP connection migration uses a novel set of Migrate options?and provides a pure end-system alternative to routing-based approaches such as Mobile IP. Mobile IP was designed under the principle that fixed Internet hosts and applications were to remain unmodified and only the underlying IP substrate should change. Our architecture requires no changes to the unicast IP substrate, instead modifying transport protocols and applications at the end hosts. We argue that this is not a hindrance to deployment; rather, in a significant number of cases, it allows for an easier deployment path than Mobile IP, while simultaneously giving better performance. We compare and contrast the strengths of end-to-end and network-layer mobility schemes, and argue that end-to-end schemes are better suited to many common mobile applications. Our performance experiments show that hand-off times are governed by TCP migrate latencies, and are on the order of a round-trip time of the communicating peers.}, isbn = {1-58113-197-6}, download = {2-sep-2004}, year = 2000, location = {Boston, Massachusetts, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/345910.345938}, } @Misc{EVOLUTE:IST:02, Author = {IST}, Title = {EVOLUTE (seamlEss multimedia serVices Over alL IP-based infrastrUcTurEs)}, HowPublished = {\url{http://evolute.intranet.gr/}}, Note = {IST Project}, year = 2002, abstract = {The increasing amount of roaming Internet users in combination with the evolution of IP-based applications has created a strong demand for wide-area, broadband access to a number of IP multimedia services. Wireless LANs can complement the next-generation cellular networks, by offering a cost-efficient, wireless broadband data solution for hot spot areas. By combining the wide coverage of next-generation cellular systems with the speed and capacity advantages of wireless LANs, users can make the most out of wireless IP communication. Towards this direction, IST project EVOLUTE (seamlEss multimedia serVices Over alL IP-based infrastrUcTurEs) implements an all IP network infrastructure aiming to provide seamless multimedia services to roaming users. EVOLUTE addresses and attempts to resolve issues, such as, multilayer mobility management, vertical handoffs, fast and scalable AAA mechanisms, and ubiquitous service provisioning among heterogeneous environments. }, } @InProceedings{Lee:adaptive:95, Author = {Kam Lee}, Title = {Adaptive network support for mobile multimedia}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the first annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, Pages = {62--74}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 1995, location = {Berkeley, California, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/215530.215557}, isbn = {0-89791-814-2}, } @Article{Goldsmith:design:02, Author = {Goldsmith, A.J. and Wicker, S.B.}, Title = {Design {C}hallenges for {E}nergy-constrained {A}d hoc {W}ireless {N}etworks}, Journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications}, Volume = {9}, Number = {4}, Pages = {8-27}, month = aug, abstract = {Ad hoc wireless networks enable new and exciting applications, but also pose significant technical challenges. In this article we give a brief overview of ad hoc wireless networks and their applications with a particular emphasis on energy constraints. We then discuss recent advances in the link, multiple access, network, and application protocols for these networks. We show that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.}, download = {27-feb-02}, year = 2002, } @Book{comnet:39:1:02, Editor = {G. Morabito and S. Palazzo and C. Rosenberg}, Title = {{Broadband Satellite Networks: A Networking Perspective}}, Publisher = elsevier, Volume = {39}, Series = cm, month = may, year = 2002, } @Article{Mahonen:platform:01, Author = {{Petri Mahonen} and {Tommi Saarinen}}, Title = {Platform-{I}ndependent {IP} {T}ransmission over {W}ireless {N}etworks: {T}he {WINE} {A}pproach}, Journal = ieeepc, Volume = 8, Number = 6, Pages = {32--40}, month = dec, abstract = {The article describes the work performed to date in the Wireless Internet Network (WINE) project, sponsored by the European Commission, under the framework V Information Society Technologies (IST) program. The project aims to enhance the performance of Internet protocols when operating over wireless LANs. One of the key issues of the project is the development of a wireless adaptation layer (WAL) that resides between the IP and WLAN link layers. The WAL may be viewed as a "shim" layer that compensates for wireless impairments. An important feature of the WAL architecture is its ability to map quality of service protocols such as differentiated services onto WLANs. The architecture also aims to support intradomain mobility, and a range of existing mechanisms have been reviewed and enhanced for that purpose. The project includes the development of extended testbeds and simulation models to assess the performance of the proposed solutions.}, download = {zerox}, year = 2001, status = ok3, } @Article{Raisinghani:comcom_crosslayer:03, Author = {Raisinghani, V. T. and Iyer, S.}, Title = {Cross-layer {D}esign {O}ptimizations in {W}ireless {P}rotocol {S}tacks}, Journal = {Computer Communications (Elsevier)}, volume = 27, number = 8, pages = {720--724}, month = may, year = 2004 } @InProceedings{Agrawal:battery:98, Author = "P. Agrawal and S. Chen and P. Ramanathan and K. Sivalingam", Title = {Battery {P}ower {S}ensitive {V}ideo {P}rocessing in {W}ireless {N}etworks}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {PIMRC}}, Address = {Boston}, year = 1998, month = sep, } @Article{Webb:variable:95, Author = {Webb, W. T. and Steele, R.}, Title = {Variable rate {QAM} for {M}obile {R}adio}, Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Communications}, Volume = {43}, Number = {7}, Pages = {2223--2230}, month = jul, year = 1995, } @InProceedings{lee:mobile:01, Author = {Lee, D.J.Y. and Lee, W.C.Y}, Title = {Mobile {IP}^2}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {P}acific {R}im {C}onference on {C}ommunications, {C}omputers and signal {P}rocessing ({PACRIM})}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {345--349}, abstract = {Internet traffic is growing in an exponential rate and more and more people's lives are tightly coupled to the Internet. The ability to keep connected with the Internet while on the move is highly desired in an increasingly mobile environment. We present a means of ubiquitous network access for consumers in both wired and wireless environments. We introduce the concept of multiple-interface/multiple-connection to support high-speed handoff and seamless roaming between different networks (wired and wireless). This is implemented by improving the current Mobile IP concept, extending the existing IP (specifically CMIP and ARP) functions and enhancing current PC device drivers and software. The mobility that is supported by this proposal is based on layer 3 functionality under the OSI protocol layer definition (physical layer and link layer are assumed to be supported already)}, download = {6-jan-2003}, year = 2001, month = aug, } @Article{Bakre:itcp:94, Author = "Ajay Bakre and B. R. Badrinath", Title = {I-{TCP}: {I}ndirect {TCP} for {M}obile {H}osts}, Journal = "15th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems", year = 1994, url = "citeseer.nj.nec.com/bakre94itcp.html", } @Article{valko:cellularip:99, Author = {András G. Valkó}, Title = {Cellular {IP}: {A} {N}ew {A}pproach to {I}nternet {H}ost {M}obility}, Journal = {ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review}, Volume = {29}, Number = {1}, Pages = {50--65}, issn = {0146-4833}, publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 1999, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/505754.505758}, } @InProceedings{yuan:design:03, Author = {Yuan, W and Nahrstedt, K and Adve, S and Jones, D and Kravets, R}, Title = {Design and {E}valuation of {A} {C}ross-{L}ayer {A}daptation {F}ramework for {M}obile {M}ultimedia {S}ystems}, BookTitle = {S{PIE}/{ACM} {M}ultimedia {C}omputing and {N}etworking {C}onference ({MMCN})}, Address = {Santa Clara, CA}, year = 2003, } @Article{Fox:adapting:98, Author = {Fox, A. and Gribble, S.D and Chawathe, Y. and Brewer, E.A.}, Title = {Adapting to network and client variation using infrastructural proxies: lessons and perspectives}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {5}, Number = {4}, Pages = {10--19}, month = aug, abstract = {Today's Internet clients vary widely with respect to both hardware and software properties: screen size, color depth, effective bandwidth, processing power, and the ability to handle different data formats. The order-of-magnitude span of this variation is too large to hide at the network level, making application-level techniques necessary. We show that on-the-fly adaptation by transformational proxies is a widely applicable, cost-effective, and flexible technique for addressing all these types of variations. To support this claim, we describe our experience with data-type-specific distillation (lossy compression) in a variety of applications. We also argue that placing adaptation machinery in the network infrastructure, rather than inserting it into end servers, enables incremental deployment and amortization of operating costs. To this end, we describe a programming model for large-scale interactive Internet services and a scalable cluster-based framework that has been in production use at UC Berkeley since April 1997. We present a detailed examination of TranSend, a scalable transformational Web proxy deployed on our cluster framework, and give descriptions of several handheld-device applications that demonstrate the wide applicability of the proxy-adaptation philosophy}, download = {25-feb-2003}, year = 1998, } @Misc{Handley:00, Author = {{M. Handley} and {J. Padhye} and {S. Floyd}}, Title = {T{CP} {C}ongestion {W}indow {V}alidation}, HowPublished = {http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2861.txt}, month = jan, download = {Text}, abstract = {TCP's congestion window controls the number of packets a TCP flow may have in the network at any time. However, long periods when the sender is idle or application-limited can lead to the invalidation of the congestion window, in that the congestion window no longer reflects current information about the state of the network. This document describes a simple modification to TCP's congestion control algorithms to decay the congestion window cwnd after the transition from a sufficiently-long application-limited period, while using the slow-start threshold ssthresh to save information about the previous value of the congestion window. An invalid congestion window also results when the congestion window is increased (i.e., in TCP's slow-start or congestion avoidance phases) during application-limited periods, when the previous value of the congestion window might never have been fully utilized. We propose that the TCP sender should not increase the congestion window when the TCP sender has been application-limited (and therefore has not fully used the current congestion window). We have explored these algorithms both with simulations and with experiments from an implementation in FreeBSD.}, year = 2000, status = {ok3}, } @InProceedings{inamura:impact:icdcs:04, Author = {H. Inamura and O. Takahashi and H. Nakano and T. Ishikawa and H. Shigeno}, Title = {{I}mpact of layer two {ARQ} on {TCP} performance in {W}-{CDMA} networks}, BookTitle = {International {C}onference on {D}istributed {C}omputing {S}ystems ({ICDCS})}, Pages = {284-291}, abstract = {We address the interaction between TCP and RLC (Radio Link Control), the link layer retransmission protocol in W-CDMA, a 3rd generation cellular wireless network technology, in evaluating TCP performance in following points; l) Supress delay-jitter in link layer to avoid excess retransmissions. 2) Clarify the trade-off between jitter-suppression and link utilization to improve TCP throughput. 3) Optimize the link layer and TCP parameters. We show how to find the TCP and link ARQ parameters that yield optimum overall performance; simulations and emulation confirm their effectiveness. The coexistence of ARQ and TCP can lead to inefficient interaction; the delay-jitter on the link layer may trigger spurious TCP retransmission. The solution is to suppress jitter on the link layer. To manage the trade-off between this suppression and link utilization, we optimized with link parameter.}, keywords = {3G mobile communication ; cellular radio ; code division multiple access ; jitter ; transport protocols ; 3rd generation cellular wireless network technology ; ARQ parameter ; RLC ; TCP ; TCP parameter ; TCP throughput ; W-CDMA ; delay-jitter ; link layer retransmission protocol ; radio link control}, year = 2004, } @Article{vitsas:irda:03, Author = {Vitsas, V and Barker, P. and Boucouvalas, A.C.}, Title = {Ir{DA} {I}nfrared {W}ireless {C}ommunications: {P}rotocol {T}hroughput {O}ptimization}, Journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications}, Volume = {10}, Number = {2}, Pages = {22--29}, month = apr, abstract = {The delivery of the maximum data rate to users from IrDA IR wireless links depends not only on the physical layer, but also on higher-layer protocols being optimized. This article reviews the IrDA link layer protocol, IrLAP, and examines how to maximize its throughput performance. Simple equations yield to simple rules for the optimization of IrLAP. The analysis presented can also be employed in studying the physical layer requirements of the predicted future data rate increases (40 Mb/s and 100 Mb/s) of the IrDA 1.x standard. The model gives insights for the optimum control of the infrared connection for high performance. Simple formulas are derived for the optimum values of the window and frame size link layer parameters that maximize throughput. Results show that, for the proposed 16 Mb/s extension, significant throughput increase is observed if optimum link layer parameter values are employed. At high error rates, the significance of the minimum turnaround time (a physical layer parameter) and of the transmission control passing mechanism is studied. When the links are adapted to using the optimum window and frame size, combined with low minimum turnaround values and an efficient transmission control passing scheme, we observe performance improvements even at high error rates.}, download = {19-nov-2003}, year = 2003, } @Article{Lee:avoiding:02, Author = {{B. P. Lee} and {R. K. Balan} and {L. Jacob} and {W. K. G. Seah} and {A. L. Ananda}}, Title = {{Avoiding congestion collapse on the Internet using TCP tunnels}}, Journal = cn, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {207--219}, month = jun, abstract = {This paper discusses the application of TCP tunnels on the Internet and how Internet traffic can benefit from the congestion control mechanism of the tunnels. Primarily, we show the TCP tunnels offer TCP-friendly flows protection from TCP-unfriendly traffic. TCP tunnels also reduce the many flows situation on the Internet to that of a few flows. In addition, TCP tunnels eliminate unnecessary packet loss in the core routers of the congested backbones, which waste precious bandwidth leading to congestion collapse due to unresponsive UDP flows. We finally highlight that the use of TCP tunnels can, in principle, help prevent certain forms of congestion collapse described by Floyd and Fall [IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 7 (4) (1999) 458]. The deployment of TCP tunnels on the Internet and the issues involved are also discussed and we conclude that with the recent RFC2309 recommendation of using random early drop as the default packet-drop policy in Internet routers, coupled with the implementation of a pure tunnel environment on backbone networks makes the deployment of TCP tunnels a feasible endeavour worthy of further investigation.}, download = {7-jun-2002}, year = 2002, status = {X}, } @InProceedings{Fang:cross:02, Author = {Fang, Yue and McDonald, A.B}, Title = {Cross-layer {P}erformance {E}ffects of {P}ath {C}oupling in {W}ireless {A}d hoc {N}etworks: {P}ower and {T}hroughput {I}mplications of {IEEE} 802.11 {MAC}}, BookTitle = {21st {IEEE} {I}nternational {P}erformance, {C}omputing, and {C}ommunications {C}onference}, Pages = {281-290}, abstract = {Path coupling is defined as the media access contention between nodes distributed along node disjoint paths. It is caused by the broadcast nature of wireless communications. In this paper the cross-layer problem of path coupling is characterized and analyzed based upon the characteristics of the DCF of IEEE 802.11. Path coupling involves MAC-layer interactions that impact the performance of network-layer paths that are otherwise disjoint. These interactions are shown to have significant impact on energy efficiency, throughput and delay. Analytical models are developed to demonstrate the asymptotic throughput and power characteristics of coupled and non-coupled paths. These models are validated using simulation. The performance analysis of energy consumption and queuing characteristics at the network-layer due to MAC-layer interactions are also studied via simulation. Results demonstrate how path degrades performance, thus, supporting the need for the control of cross-layer interactions and methodologies for cross-layer optimization}, download = {7-feb-2003}, year = 2002, } @InProceedings{Holland:rate:01, Author = {Holland, Gavin and Vaidya, Nitin and Bahl, Paramvir}, Title = {A rate-adaptive MAC protocol for multi-Hop wireless networks}, BookTitle = mobicom, Pages = {236--251}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, isbn = {1-58113-422-3}, download = {17-jun-2002}, year = 2001, location = {Rome, Italy}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/381677.381700}, status = ok1, } @Article{floroiu:seamless:03, Author = {Floroiu, J.W. and Ruppelt, R. and Sisalem, D. and Fokus, F. and Stephanopoli, J.V.}, Title = {Seamless {H}andover in {T}errestrial {R}adio {A}ccess {N}etworks: {A} {C}ase {S}tudy}, Journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine}, Volume = {41}, Number = {11}, Pages = {110--116}, month = nov, abstract = {...quantitative analysis of MobileIPv4 based WLAN-GPRS handover protoype, identifies number of side effects related to link layer and routing machanims and impact on UDP/TCP data traffic and MobileIP signalling....}, download = {5-jan-2003}, year = 2003, } @Article{Aghvami:mode:01, Author = {Aghvami, A.H. and Le, T.H. and Olaziregi, N.}, Title = {Mode {S}witching and {Q}o{S} {I}ssues in {S}oftware {R}adio}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {8}, Number = {5}, Pages = {38-44}, month = oct, abstract = {Software radio technology is expected to play a key role in the development of future (4G) wireless communication systems. Several third-generation wireless standards are emerging across the world as part of the ITU IMT-2000 family, as well as other broadband wireless networks such as HIPERLAN2. Mobile users face the prospect of all even greater service differentiation as multimedia services are added to the voice services already available. The failure to agree, worldwide, on a unique radio access mode, for economic and political reasons, is forcing the telecommunications community to develop a reconfigurable user terminal and a telecommunications infrastructure to support it. Such a concept will allow the user to roam across geographic areas offering radio access connections using differing standards. This article, based on the work of the European Union research project TRUST, presents novel ideas and solutions within the topic area of mode switching and QoS to realize such a universal, reconfigurable system}, download = {11-feb-2003}, year = 2001, } @InProceedings{Sinha:wtcp:99, Author = {Prasun Sinha and Narayanan Venkitaraman and Raghupathy Sivakumar and Vaduvur Bharghavan}, Title = {W{TCP}: {A} {R}eliable {T}ransport {P}rotocol for {W}ireless {W}ide-{A}rea {N}etworks}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the {F}ifth {A}nnual {ACM}/{IEEE} {I}nternational {C}onference on {M}obile {C}omputing and {N}etworking}, Pages = {231--241}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 1999, location = {Seattle, Washington, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/313451.313541}, isbn = {1-58113-142-9}, } @Article{Kravets:application:00, Author = {Robin Kravets and P. Krishnan}, Title = {Application-driven {P}ower {M}anagement for {M}obile {C}ommunication}, Journal = {Wireless Networks}, Volume = {6}, Number = {4}, Pages = {263--277}, issn = {1022-0038}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, year = 2000, } @Misc{Raisinghani:icdcs_poster:03, Author = {Raisinghani, V. T. and Iyer, S.}, Title = {User {M}anaged {W}ireless {P}rotocol {S}tacks}, HowPublished = {$23^{rd}$ ICDCS}, Note = {Poster}, year = 2003, } @Article{Biglieri:coding:98, Author = {Biglieri, E. and Caire, G. and Taricco, G.}, Title = {Coding and modulation under power constraints}, Journal = {IEEE Personal Communications}, Volume = {5}, Number = {3}, Pages = {32--39}, abstract = {An issue arising at the physical layer in digital wireless transmission is the choice of the coding/modulation scheme taking into account the availability of a limited energy source. This article is devoted to a description of the rationales behind this choice. As the latter depends on the channel model, we examine four of these, namely, the Gaussian channel, the independent-fading channel, the block-fading channel, and a channel where the transmission quality is limited by interference rather than by noise. Code selection and power-allocation strategies are discussed}, download = {27-feb-2003}, } @Proceedings{mobicom:00, Title = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking}, Editor = {Raymond Pickholtz and Sajal K. Das and Ramon Caceres and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, isbn = {1-58113-197-6}, year = 2000, } @InProceedings{Singh:atcp:02, Author = {Singh, Ajay Kr. and Iyer, Sridhar}, Title = {A{TCP}: {I}mproving {TCP} {P}erformance over {M}obile {W}ireless {E}nvironments}, BookTitle = {Fourth {IEEE} {C}onference on {M}obile and {W}ireless {C}ommunications {N}etworks}, Address = {Stockholm, Sweden}, year = 2002, month = sep, } @Article{buddhikot:design:03, Author = {Buddhikot, M.M. and Chandranmenon, G and {Seungjae Han} and {Yui-Wah Lee} and Miller, S. and Salgarelli, L.}, Title = {Design and {I}mplementation of a {WLAN}/{CDMA}2000 {I}nterworking {A}rchitecture}, Journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine}, Volume = {41}, Number = {11}, Pages = {90--100}, month = nov, abstract = {The combination of 3G and WLAN wireless technologies offers the possibility of achieving anywhere, anytime Internet access, bringing benefits to both end users and service providers. In this article we discuss interworking architectures for providing integrated service capability across widely deployed 3G CDMA2000-based and 802.11-based networks. Specifically, we present two design choices for integration: tightly coupled and loosely coupled, and recommend the latter as a preferred option. We describe in detail the implementation of a loosely coupled integrated network, which provides two kinds of roaming services, SimpleIP service and Mobile-IP service. We present in detail two new components used to build these services: a network element called a WLAN integration gateway deployed in WLAN networks and a client software on the mobile device. For a mobile device with interfaces to both technologies, our system supports seamless handoff in the presence of overlapping radio coverage.}, download = {5-jan-2004}, year = 2003, } @Article{akan:atl:ieee_jsac:04, Author = {Akan, O.B. and Akyildiz, I.F.}, Title = {A{TL}: {A}n {A}daptive {T}ransport {L}ayer {S}uite for {N}ext-{G}eneration {W}ireless {I}nternet}, Journal = {IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications}, Volume = {22}, Number = {5}, Pages = {802-817}, month = jun, abstract = {The next-generation wireless Internet (NGWI) is expected to provide a wide range of services including high-speed data and real-time multimedia to mobile users. To realize this expectation, a diverse set of challenges need to be addressed, which are posed by heterogeneous wireless networking environments within NGWI and the according application requirements. Furthermore, the architectural heterogeneities must be captured dynamically, while mobile users may roam during their connection duration. Current existing transport layer protocols have been developed for a specific network paradigm in mind, e.g., for wireless local area networks (WLANs), micro/macro wireless systems, or for satellite systems. Using these existing different transport layer protocols for NGWI to support global roaming of mobile users is not a practical solution due to processing and memory constraints of wireless terminals. Thus, there is a need for a unified adaptive transport layer protocol suite which can address the architectural heterogeneities for roaming mobile users and achieve the best performance for NGWI. In this paper, a unified adaptive transport layer (ATL) suite is introduced for NGWI which incorporates a new adaptive transport protocol (TCP-ATL) for reliable data transport and a new adaptive rate control protocol (RCP-ATL) for multimedia delivery in the NGWI. According to the requested service type, i.e., reliable data or multimedia, ATL selects the appropriate protocol. Both TCP-ATL and RCP-ATL, deploy a new adaptive congestion control method that dynamically adjusts the protocol configurations according to the current wireless network paradigms depending where the mobile user currently resides. Hence, the unified adaptive ATL protocol suite achieves high-throughput performance in all of underlying heterogeneous wireless architectures, i.e., WLANs, micro, macro, or satellite environments. Moreover, the developed adaptive congestion control explicitly takes fairness into consideration. Performance evaluation via simulation experiments reveals that the ATL protocol suite addresses the challenges posed by the NGWI and significantly improves the performance for reliable data and multimedia transport in NGWI.}, year = 2004, } @Unpublished{Raisinghani:icdcs_docsymp_arch:03, Author = {Raisinghani, V. T. and Iyer, S.}, Title = {Architecture for {C}ross {L}ayer {F}eedback in {W}ireless {P}rotocol {S}tacks}, Note = {Submitted for Doctoral Symposium at $23^{rd}$ International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS)}, year = 2003, month = feb, } @MastersThesis{Piechocinski:protocol:02, Author = {Maciej Piechocinski}, Title = {Protocol Enhancements Required to Provide IP-based QoS in Mobile Networks}, School = {Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Department, University of Colorado}, Address = {\url{http://www3.sympatico.ca/ra.piechocinski/IntServ-RSVP-enhancements-piechocinski.htm}}, year = 2002, status = {?}, } @InProceedings{Snoeren:migrate:01, Author = {Alex C. Snoeren and Hari Balakrishnan and M. Frans Kaashoek}, Title = {Reconsidering {I}nternet {M}obility}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {W}orkshop on {H}ot {T}opics in {O}perating {S}ystems ({HotOS-VIII})}, Address = {Schloss Elmau, Germany}, Organization = {{IEEE} {C}omputer {S}ociety}, month = {May}, abstract = {Despite the popularity of mobile computing platforms, appropriate system support for mobile operation is lacking in the Internet. This paper argues this is not for lack of deployment incentives, but because a comprehensive system architecture that efficiently addresses the needs of mobile applications does not exist. We identify five fundamental issues raised by mobility--location, preservation of communication, disconnection handling, hibernation, and reconnection--and suggest design guidelines for any system that attempts to address them. In particular, we argue that a good system architecture should (i) eliminate the dependence of higher protocol layers upon lower-layer identifiers; (ii) avoid prescribing a particular naming scheme; (iii) handle unexpected network disconnections in a graceful way, exposing occurrences to applications; and (iv) provide these services at the mobile nodes themselves. Motivated by these principles, we propose a session-oriented, end-to-end architecture called Migrate, and briefly examine the set of services it should provide.}, download = {24-feb-2003}, year = 2001, } @Article{Bhagwat:msocks+:02, Author = {{Pravin Bhagwat} and {David A Maltz} and {Adrian Segall}}, Title = {{MSOCKS+: an architecture for transport layer mobility}}, Journal = cn, Volume = {39}, Number = {4}, Pages = {385--403}, month = jul, abstract = {Mobile nodes of the future will be equipped with multiple network interfaces to take advantage of overlay networks, yet no current mobility systems provide full support for the simultaneous use of multiple interfaces. The need for such support arises when multiple connectivity options are available with different cost, coverage, latency and bandwidth characteristics, and applications want their data to flow over the interface that best matches the characteristics of the data. In this paper we introduce and analyze an architecture called Transport Layer Mobility that allows mobile nodes to not only change their point of attachment to the Internet within a corporate domain, but also to control which network interfaces are used for the different kinds of data leaving from and arriving at the mobile node. We implement our transport layer mobility scheme using a splitconnection proxy architecture and a new technique called TCP Splice that gives splitconnection proxy systems the same end-to-end semantics as normal TCP connections. We introduce the architecture, present its system aspects, investigate its performance and present its reliability properties. The analytical aspects of the protocol, in particular its pseudo-code, its properties and its validation are given in a related Technical Report.}, download = {7-jun-2002}, year = 2002, status = ok1, } @InProceedings{Chen:span:01, Author = {{Benjie Chen} and {Kyle Jamieson} and {Hari Balakrishnan} and {Robert Morris}}, Title = {Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks}, BookTitle = mobicom, Pages = {85--96}, Address = {Rome, Italy}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, isbn = {1-58113-422-3}, download = {17-jun-2002}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/381677.381686}, year = 2001, status = ok2, } @InProceedings{Fisk:dynamic:01, Author = {Fisk, Mike and Feng, Wu-chun}, Title = {Dynamic {R}ight-{S}izing in {TCP}}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of {LACSI} {S}ymposium 2001}, abstract = {}, download = {}, year = 2001, month = oct, status = ok3, } @Book{wright:tcp2:95, Author = {Wright, Gary R. and Stevens, W. Richard}, Title = {T{CP}/{IP} {I}llustrated, {V}olume {II}, {T}he {I}mlpementation}, Publisher = {AWL}, year = 1995, } @Misc{RFC:mobileip, Author = {{C. Perkins}}, Title = {{RFC2002: IP Mobility Support}}, year = 1996, month = oct, } @InProceedings{Mascolo:tcp:01, Author = {Saverio Mascolo and Claudio Casetti and Mario Gerla and M. Y. Sanadidi and Ren Wang}, Title = {T{CP} {W}estwood: {B}andwidth {E}stimation for {E}nhanced {T}ransport over {W}ireless {L}inks}, BookTitle = {Proceedings of the {S}eventh {A}nnual {I}nternational {C}onference on {M}obile {C}omputing and {N}etworking}, Pages = {287--297}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, year = 2001, location = {Rome, Italy}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/381677.381704}, isbn = {1-58113-422-3}, } @InProceedings{Buonadonna:via:98, Author = {P. Buonadonna, A. Geweke, D.E. Culler}, Title = {An {I}mplementation and {A}nalysis of the {V}irtual {I}nterface {A}rchitecture}, BookTitle = {S{C}'98}, Address = {Orlando, FL}, month = nov, abstract = {Rapid developments in networking technology and a rise in clustered computing have driven research studies in high performance communication architectures. In an effort to standardize the work in this area, industry leaders have developed the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) specification. This architecture seeks to provide an operating system-independent infrastructure for high-performance user-level networking in a generic environment. This paper evaluates the inherent costs and performance potential of the Virtual Interface Architecture through a prototype implementation over Myrinet. The VIA prototype is compared against established research user-level networks using simple communication benchmarks on the same hardware. We consider extensions to the VI Architecture that improve its performance for certain types of communication traffic and outline further research areas in the VIA design space that merit investigation.}, download = {"21-aug-2002"}, year = 1998, } @InProceedings{Nuggehalli:delay:02, Author = {Nuggehalli, Pavan and Srinivasan, Vikram and Rao, Ramesh R.}, Title = {Delay constrained energy efficient transmission strategies for wireless devices}, BookTitle = {I{EEE} {INFOCOM}}, Volume = {21}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1765--1772}, month = jun, year = 2002, } @Article{Moon:antenna:03, Author = {Moon, Jaekyun and Kim, Younggyun}, Title = {Antenna {D}iversity {S}trengthens {W}ireless {LAN}s}, Journal = {Communication Systems Design}, year = 2003, month = jan, } @Article{Anjali:optimal:02, Author = {{T. Anjali} and {C. Scoglio} and {J. C. de Oliveira} and {I. F. Akyildiz} and {G. Uhl}}, Title = {{Optimal policy for label switched path setup in MPLS networks}}, Journal = {cn}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {165--183}, month = jun, abstract = {An important aspect in designing a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network is to determine an initial topology and to adapt it to the traffic load. A topology change in an MPLS network occurs when a new label switched path (LSP) is created between two nodes. The LSP creation involves determining the route of the LSP and the according resource allocation to the path. A fully connected MPLS network can be used to minimize the signaling. The objective of this paper is to determine when an LSP should be created and how often it should be re-dimensioned. An optimal policy to determine and adapt the MPLS network topology based on the traffic load is presented. The problem is formulated as a continuous time Markov decision process with the objective to minimize the costs involving bandwidth, switching, and signaling. These costs represent the trade-off between utilization of network resources and signaling/processing load incurred on the network. The policy performs a filtering control to avoid oscillations which may occur due to highly variable traffic. The new policy has been evaluated by simulation and numerical results show its effectiveness and the according performance improvement. A sub-optimal policy is also presented which is less computationally intensive and complicated.}, download = {7-jun-2002}, year = 2002, status = {X}, } @Article{chiang:balancing:jsac:2005, Author = {Chiang, M.}, Title = {Balancing {T}ransport and {P}hysical {L}ayers in {W}ireless {M}ultihop {N}etworks: {J}ointly {O}ptimal {C}ongestion {C}ontrol and {P}ower {C}ontrol}, Journal = {Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {104--116}, abstract = {In a wireless network with multihop transmissions and interference-limited link rates, can we balance power control in the physical layer and congestion control in the transport layer to enhance the overall network performance while maintaining the architectural modularity between the layers? We answer this question by presenting a distributed power control algorithm that couples with existing transmission control protocols (TCPs) to increase end-to-end throughput and energy efficiency of the network. Under the rigorous framework of nonlinearly constrained utility maximization, we prove the convergence of this coupled algorithm to the global optimum of joint power control and congestion control, for both synchronized and asynchronous implementations. The rate of convergence is geometric and a desirable modularity between the transport and physical layers is maintained. In particular, when congestion control uses TCP Vegas, a simple utilization in the physical layer of the queueing delay information suffices to achieve the joint optimum. Analytic results and simulations illustrate other desirable properties of the proposed algorithm, including robustness to channel outage and to path loss estimation errors, and flexibility in trading off performance optimality for implementation simplicity. This paper presents a step toward a systematic understanding of ?layering? as ?optimization decomposition,? where the overall communication network is modeled by a generalized network utility maximization problem, each layer corresponds to a decomposed subproblem, and the interfaces among layers are quantified as the optimization variables coordinating the subproblems. In the case of the transport and physical layers, link congestion prices turn out to be the optimal "layering prices."}, year = 2005, month = jan, } @Article{Barakat:tcp:00, Author = {Barakat, Chadi and Altman, Eitan and Dabbous, Walid}, Title = {On {TCP} {P}erformance in a {H}eterogeneous {N}etwork: {A} {S}urvey}, Journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine}, Volume = {38}, Number = {1}, Pages = {40--46}, year = 2000, } @Misc{net100, Author = {Net100}, Title = {Net100}, HowPublished = {http://www.csm.ornl.gov/~dunigan/net100/}, abstract = {The Net100 project is a DOE/MICS sponsored project to develop a network-aware operating system. The project seeks to measure and understand end-to-end network and application performance, and apply that knowledge to tuning networks and applications, eliminating the "wizard gap." The project is looking at both bulk transfer over high latency/bandwidth networks and grid-based applications, especially (but not limited to) DOE's ESnet. The major components are * developing/deploying network probes and sensors to characterize the network and distributed applications * Web100 kernel extensions to monitor and tune network applications * TCP tuning The project has some novel approaches, including * Net100 leverages the Web100 kernel to passively collect data on individual TCP flows * Net100 can tune several TCP parameters for designated flows at connection start and during the flow. Net100 can or will tune o TCP socket send/receive buffers o TCP AIMD parameters, the notion of a virtual MSS/MTU o DUP threshold to absorb re-ordering o Delayed ACK tuning on the receiver o slow-start mods (initial window size and initial ssthresh) o burst control o transport algorithm (e.g, TCP Vegas, or ?)}, } @InProceedings{Goff:freeze:00, Author = {T. Goff and J. Moronski and D.S. Pathak and V. Gupta}, Title = {{Freeze-TCP: A true end-to-end Enhancement Mechanism for Mobile Environments}}, BookTitle = infocom, Address = {Israel}, year = 2000, status = ok3, } @InProceedings{Ludwig:tcpgsm:infocom:99, author = {R. Ludwig and B. Rathonyi}, title = {{Link layer enhancements for TCP/IP over GSM}}, booktitle = {INFOCOM. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies}, OPTcrossref = {}, OPTkey = {}, pages = {415--422}, year = {1999}, OPTeditor = {}, OPTvolume = {}, OPTnumber = {}, OPTseries = {}, OPTaddress = {}, month = mar, OPTorganization = {}, OPTpublisher = {IEEE}, OPTnote = {}, OPTannote = {} } @Misc{johnson:mobileip:04, author = {Johnson, D. and Perkin, C. and Arkko, J.}, title = {{RFC 3775: Mobility Support in IPv6}}, howpublished = {\url{www.ietf.org}}, year = 2004, month = jun, note = {Proposed Standard} } @InProceedings{qwang:clf:wcnc:03, author = {Qi Wang and Abu-Rgheff, M.A.}, title = {{C}ross-Layer {S}ignalling for {N}ext-{G}eneration {W}ireless {S}ystems}, booktitle = {{Wireless Communications and Networking (WCNC)}}, pages = {1084--1089}, year = 2003, volume = 2, month = mar, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {Cross-layer design is becoming a popular design methodology for the IP-based next-generation wireless systems, and cross-layer signalling is a key enabler of such a methodology. Several methods are emerging to achieve this signalling in layered protocol stacks. Through these methods, the refined wireless systems are expected to gain significant performance improvement and/or obtain extended functionality that is very hard if not impossible to obtain from a single layer signalling. This paper begins with a survey of representative cross-layer signalling methods. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes an efficient, flexible and comprehensive scheme defined here as cross-layer signalling shortcuts (CLASS), and then a set of evaluation criteria is defined to compare CLASS with current schemes. Finally, the possible application areas of CLASS are identified, and a reference application programme is presented for applying CLASS into various management areas.} } @Article{carneiro:crosslayer:04, author = {Carneiro, G. and Ruela, J. and Ricardo, M.}, title = {{Cross Layer Design in 4G Wireless Terminals}}, journal = {{IEEE Wireless Communications}}, year = 2004, volume = 11, number = 2, pages = {7--13}, month = apr } @Article{wijting:crosslayer:04, author = {Wijting, C. and Prasad, Ramjee}, title = {{A Generic Framework for Cross-Layer Optimisation in Wireless Personal Area Networks}}, journal = {Wireless Personal Communications}, year = 2004, volume = 29, number = {1--2}, pages = {135--49}, month = apr } @InProceedings{gang:isp:99, author = {Gang Wu and Yong Bai and Jie Lai and Ogielski, A. }, title = {{Interactions between TCP and RLP in Wireless Internet}}, booktitle = {{IEEE GLOBECOM}}, pages = {661--666}, year = 1999, volume = {1B}, address = {Rio de Janeireo, Brazil}, month = dec, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {The Internet is implemented on the basis of the ISO-OSI hierarchy architecture where the protocols for different layers are independent of each other. For wireless Internet, however, information of other layers may be required in order to improve the overall system performance. We propose a new protocol stack including an interlayer signaling pipe (ISP) across layers for the wireless Internet access scenario. We investigate the interactions of two distinct loss recovery mechanisms employed by TCP and RLP (radio link protocol) during a low-speed TCP connection over a radio channel with correlated losses to show the necessity of the ISP. It is shown by simulations that the proposed ISP can be used to support such a TCP-RLP coordination mechanism} } @InProceedings{conti:clf_arch:04, author = {Conti, M. and Gregori, E. and Turi, G.}, title = {{Towards Scalable P2P Computing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks}}, booktitle = {{Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom)}}, pages = {109--113}, year = 2004, address = {FL, USA}, month = mar, publisher = {IEEE} } @Article{wang:crosslayer:ton:05, author = {Wang, J. and Li, L. and Low, S. H. and Doyle J. C.}, title = {{Cross-Layer Optimization in TCP/IP Networks}}, journal = {{IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking}}, year = 2005, volume = 13, number = 3, pages = {582--595}, month = jun } @Article{pentikousis:tcp_wireless:comsurvey:00, author = {Pentikousis, Kostas}, title = {{TCP in Wired-cum-Wireless Environments}}, journal = {{IEEE Communications Surveys $\&$ Tutorials}}, year = 2000, volume = 3, number = 4, pages = {2--14} } @InProceedings{chinta:interlayer_tcp:wcnc:03, author = {Chinta, M. and Helal, A. and Lee, C.}, title = {{ILC-TCP: An Interlayer Collaboration Protocol for TCP Performance Improvement in Mobile and Wireless Environments}}, booktitle = {{IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking (WCNC)}}, pages = {1004--1010}, year = 2003, volume = 2, month = mar } @InProceedings{hossain:tcp_analysis:ieee_twc:04, author = {Hossain, E. and Dong In Kim and Bhargava, V.K.}, title = {{Analysis of TCP performance under joint rate and power adaptation in cellular WCDMA networks}}, booktitle = {{IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications}}, pages = {865--879}, volume = 3, number = 3, year = 2004, month = may } @Article{tian:tcp_wireless:comag:05, author = {Ye Tian and Kai Xu and Ansari, N. }, title = {{TCP in Wireless Environments: Problems and Solutions}}, journal = {{IEEE Communications Magazine}}, year = 2005, volume = 43, number = 3, pages = {S27--S32}, month = mar, abstract = {The Internet provides a platform for rapid and timely information exchange among a disparate array of clients and servers. TCP and IP are separately designed and closely tied protocols that define the rules of communication between end hosts, and are the most commonly used protocol suite for data transfer in the Internet. The combination of TCP/IP dominates today s communication in various networks from the wired backbone to the heterogeneous network due to its remarkable simplicity and reliability. TCP has become the de facto standard used in most applications ranging from interactive sessions such as Telnet and HTTP, to bulk data transfer like FTP. TCP was originally designed primarily for wired networks. In a wired network, random bit error rate, a characteristic usually more pronounced in the wireless network, is negligible, and congestion is the main cause of packet loss. The emerging wireless applications, especially high-speed multimedia services and the advent of wireless IP communications carried by the Internet, call for calibration and sophisticated enhancement or modifications of this protocol suite for improved performance. Based on the assumption that packet losses are signals of network congestion, the additive increase multiplicative decrease congestion control of the standard TCP protocol reaches the steady state, which reflects the protocol s efficiency in terms of throughput and link utilization. However, this assumption does not hold when the end-to-end path also includes wireless links. Factors such as high BER, unstable channel characteristics, and user mobility may all contribute to packet losses. Many studies have shown that the unmodified standard TCP performs poorly in a wireless environment due to its inability to distinguish packet losses caused by network congestion from those attributed to transmission errors. In this article, following a brief introduction to TCP, we analyze the problems TCP exhibits in the wireless IP communication environment, and illustrate viable solutions by detailed examples.} } @InProceedings{wang:tcp_phys:aina:05, author = { Li-Chun Wang and Ching-Hao Lee }, title = {{A TCP-Physical Cross-Layer Congestion Control Mechanism for the Multirate WCDMA System Using Explicit Rate Change Notification}}, booktitle = {{International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications(AINA)}}, pages = {449--452}, year = 2005, volume = 2, month = mar, publisher = {{IEEE}} } @Article{schaar:adapative_clf:jsac:03, author = {van der Schaar, M. and Krishnamachari, S. and Sunghyun Choi and Xiaofeng Xu}, title = {{Adaptive Cross-Layer Protection Strategies for Robust Scalable Video Transmission Over 802.11 WLANs}}, journal = {I{EEE} {J}ournal on {S}elected {A}reas in {C}ommunications}, year = 2003, volume = 21, number = 10, pages = {1752--1763}, month = dec, abstract = {Robust streaming of video over 802.11 wireless local area networks poses many challenges, including coping with bandwidth variations, data losses, and heterogeneity of the receivers. Currently, each network layer (including physical layer, media access control (MAC), transport, and application layers) provides a separate solution to these challenges by providing its own optimized adaptation and protection mechanisms. However, this layered strategy does not always result in an optimal overall performance for the transmission of video. Moreover, certain protection strategies can be implemented simultaneously in several layers and, hence, the optimal choices from the application and complexity perspective need to be identified. In this paper, we evaluate different error control and adaptation mechanisms available in the different layers for robust transmission of video, namely MAC retransmission strategy, application-layer forward error correction, bandwidth-adaptive compression using scalable coding, and adaptive packetization strategies. Subsequently, we propose a novel adaptive cross-layer protection strategy for enhancing the robustness and efficiency of scalable video transmission by performing tradeoffs between throughput, reliability, and delay depending on the channel conditions and application requirements. The results obtained using the proposed adaptive cross-layer protection strategies show a significantly improved visual performance for the transmitted video over a variety of channel conditions.} } @InProceedings{marron:tinycubus:05, author = {Pedro José Marrón and Andreas Lachenmann and Daniel Minder and Jörg Hähner and Robert Sauter and Kurt Rothermel}, title = {{T}iny{C}ubus: {A} Flexible and Adaptive Framework for Sensor Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2005)}, year = {2005}, month = {January}, pages = {278--289}, location = {Istanbul, Turkey}, } @Article{conti:mobileman:04, author = {Conti, M. and Maselli, G. and Turi, G. and Giordano, S.}, title = {{Cross-Layering in Mobile Ad Hoc Network Design}}, journal = {{IEEE Computer}}, year = 2004, volume = 37, number = 2, pages = {48--51}, month = feb, abstract = {Mobile ad hoc network researchers face the challenge of achieving full functionality with good performance while linking the new technology to the rest of the Internet. A strict layered design is not flexible enough to cope with the dynamics of manet environments, however, and will prevent performance optimizations. The MobileMan cross-layer architecture offers an alternative to the pure layered approach that promotes stricter local interaction among protocols in a manet node.} } @InProceedings{wijting:mapping_qos_ip:pimrc:01, author = {Wijting, C. and Prasad, R.}, title = {{Mapping of Quality of Service Parameters between IP Network Layer and Radio Channel}}, booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications}, pages = {B-60--B-64}, year = 2001, month = sep, abstract = {The next generation of wireless mobile networks will apply IP to offer a mixed set of services, varying from real time voice-over-IP and videoconferencing, to best effort transmission of E-mail messages. This paper investigates the coupling between the queuing mechanism on the IP and data link layer to be able to offer end users a guaranteed QoS. Priority scheduling is investigated as a means to directly map the QoS levels from the network layer and the MAC layer. A novel scheduling strategy, which introduces a control unit, and synchronises QoS requirements on the IP network layer and the radio layer, is presented as well. The combination of information from different layers in the protocol stack allows for a more optimised and accurate control of the traffic flows with different QoS requirements} } @Article{aggarwal:image_retr_userfb:ieee_mm:02, author = {Aggarwal, G. and Ashwin, T.V. and Ghosal, S. }, title = {{An Image Retrieval System with Automatic Query Modification}}, journal = {Multimedia, IEEE Transactions on}, year = {2002}, OPTkey = {}, OPTvolume = {4}, OPTnumber = {2}, OPTpages = {201--214}, OPTmonth = jun, OPTnote = {}, OPTannote = {}, abstract = { Most interactive "query-by-example" based image retrieval systems utilize relevance feedback from the user for bridging the gap between the user's implied concept and the low-level image representation in the database. However, traditional relevance feedback usage in the context of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) may not be very efficient due to a significant overhead in database search and image download time in client-server environments. In this paper, we propose a CBIR system that efficiently addresses the inherent subjectivity in user perception during a retrieval session by employing a novel idea of intra-query modification and learning. The proposed system generates an object-level view of the query image using a new color segmentation technique. Color, shape and spatial features of individual segments are used for image representation and retrieval. The proposed system automatically generates a set of modifications by manipulating the features of the query segment(s). An initial estimate of user perception is learned from the user feedback provided on the set of modified images. This largely improves the precision in the first database search itself and alleviates the overheads of database search and image download. Precision-to-recall ratio is improved in further iterations through a new relevance feedback technique that utilizes both positive as well as negative examples. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed system.} }